OAH 16-1006-21707-1

Governor’s Tracking No. AR 513

 

 

STATE OF MINNESOTA

OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS

 

FOR THE BOARD OF ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING, LAND SURVEYING, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, GEOSCIENCE, AND INTERIOR DESIGN

 

 

 

In the Matter of the Proposed Rules Governing Cooperation in Communications; Examination Cheating; Landscape Architect Education and Experience; and Certified Interior Design Education and Experience;

 

Minnesota Rules, Chapter 1800

 

 

ORDER ON REVIEW OF

RULES UNDER MINNESOTA

STATUTES, SECTION 14.26

 

 

 

          The Minnesota Board of Architecture, Engineering, Land Surveying, Landscape Architecture, Geoscience, and Interior Design (Board) is seeking review and approval of the above-entitled rules, which were adopted by the agency without a hearing.  Review and approval is governed by Minn. Stat. § 14.26.  On April 1, 2011, the Office of Administrative Hearings received the documents that must be filed by the agency under Minn. Stat. § 14.26 and Minn. R. 1400.2310.  Based upon a review of the written submissions and filings, and for the reasons set out in the Memorandum which follows,

 

          IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:

 

1.               The agency has the statutory authority to adopt the rules.

 

2.               The rules were adopted in compliance with all procedural requirements of Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 14, and Minnesota Rules, Chapter 1400. 

 

3.               The rules are needed and reasonable, with the exception of the following rule parts:

 

a.     1800.0110;

 

b.     1800.0120, subpart 2, item C, subitems (2) and (3); and

 

c.     1800.0140.

 

Accordingly, these rule parts are DISAPPROVED as not meeting the requirements of Minn. Stat. § 14.06 (a) and Minnesota Rules part 1400.2100, items D and E.

 

4.               The rules as modified are not substantially different from the rules as published in the State Register on December 27, 2010.

5.               Pursuant to Minnesota Statutes, section 14.26, subdivision 3(b), and Minnesota Rules, part 1400.2300, subpart 6, the rules will be submitted to the Chief Administrative Law Judge for review.

 

 

Dated:  April 13, 2011                           

                                                            /s/ Manuel J. Cervantes

_______________________________

                                                            MANUEL J. CERVANTES

                                                            Administrative Law Judge

 

 

 

MEMORANDUM

 

          Pursuant to Minnesota Statutes, section 14.26, the agency has submitted these rules to the Administrative Law Judge for a review as to legality.  The rules adopted by the Office of Administrative Hearings[1] identify several types of circumstances under which a rule must be disapproved by the Administrative Law Judge or the Chief Administrative Law Judge.  These circumstances include situations in which a rule was not adopted in compliance with procedural requirements, unless the judge finds that the error was harmless in nature and should be disregarded; the rule is not rationally related to the agency’s objectives or the agency has not demonstrated the need for and reasonableness of the rule; the rule is substantially different than the rule as originally proposed and the agency did not comply with required procedures; the rule grants undue discretion to the agency; the rule is unconstitutional[2] or illegal; the rule improperly delegates the agency’s powers to another entity; or the proposal does not fall within the statutory definition of a “rule.” 

 

In the present rulemaking process, the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) has found three defects in the rules.  The Administrative Law Judge has also recommended two technical corrections, which are discussed below.  The technical corrections do not reflect defects in the rules, but are merely recommendations for clarification to the rules that the Board may adopt if it chooses to do so.  All other rule parts are approved. 

 

 

 

 Substantive Defects under Minn. R. 1400.2100, Items D and E

 

Part 1800.0110

 

The Board proposed the following language regarding appearing before the Board:

 

Notwithstanding any other provision in law or rule, for purposes of assisting the board in determining the person’s qualifications or compliance with Minnesota Statutes or Minnesota Rules, and at the request of the board . . ., a holder or applicant of a certificate or license issued by the board shall: . . . (Emphasis added.)

 

The rule goes on to require the regulated individuals to appear and provide sworn testimony, respond to questions, and produce evidence requested by the Board. 

 

          As written, the italicized language above is defective because it exceeds the authority granted to the Board.  Minn. Stat. § 326.06, directs the Board to make “rules, not inconsistent with law, needed in performing its duties . . . .”  By directing regulated parties to comply with this rule part, “notwithstanding any other provision in law or rule,” the Board has stepped beyond the scope of its duties and is attempting to nullify the effect of any other laws and rules as they relate to the individuals regulated by the Board.  Furthermore, the language of a statute will always override the language of a rule.  The language, as written, improperly attempts to supersede the language of a statute.

 

          The ALJ proposes the following two possible solutions to correct this defect.  First, the Board can eliminate the language, and begin the rule part with, “[F]or purposes of assisting the board . . . .  In the alternative, the Board could modify the defective language to limit it to the language of Minnesota Rules, chapter 1800 (e.g. “Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter.”)  Amending the proposed rule as described above is needed and reasonable and would not result in rules that are substantially different from those originally published in the State Register.

 

Part 1800.0120, subpart 1, item C

 

This proposed rule part deals with the information that applicants, licensees, and certificate holders must report to the Board, including a current address, a legal name change, and the revocation or suspension of any applicable license held in another state or country.  Item C requires these individuals to notify the Board in writing, within ten days, if they have:

 

(1)  been convicted of or [have] pled guilty or nolo contendere to a felony, an element of which is dishonesty or fraud, whether or not the person admits guilt;

 

(2)  engaged in acts or practices tending to show that the applicant, licensee, or certificate holder is incompetent; or

 

(3)  engaged in conduct reflecting adversely on the person’s ability or fitness to engage in the practice of architecture, engineering, land surveying, landscape architecture, geoscience, or use of the title certified interior designer, as applicable. 

 

The Board has authority under Minn. Stat. § 326.111, subd. 4, to sanction licensees and applicants for the types of conduct listed in Part 1800.0120, subpart 1, item C. 

 

The language of a rule is unconstitutional if it does not provide fair warning of the type of conduct to which the rule applies.[3]  The second and third elements of Item C are problematic because they require an individual to self-report conduct which can be highly subjective in nature and open to different interpretations.  The average person will not necessarily know when he or she is incompetent or lacks the fitness to engage in his or her profession.  In contrast, the reporting of an address, name change, conviction of or plea to a felony, or revocation of a license or certificate is an objective event that will be clear to the individuals regulated by the Board.

 

To correct this defect, the Board must either delete subitems (2) and (3) from the proposed rule; or, in the alternative, the Board should describe or list specific conduct that constitutes incompetence or a lack of fitness to engage in the applicable professions.  These actions are needed and reasonable and would not render the proposed rules substantially different.

 

Part 1800.0140

 

The Board proposed language regarding examination security and irregularities, as follows:

 

Notwithstanding any other provisions under this chapter, the board may postpone scheduled examinations, the grading of examinations, or the issuance of certificates due to a breach of examination security; unauthorized acquisition or disclosure of the contents of an examination; suspected or actual negligence, errors, omissions, or irregularities in conducting an examination; or for any other reasonable cause or unforeseen circumstance. (Emphasis added.)

 

The italicized language creates uncertainty for those regulated by the Board and grants the Board undue discretion regarding the fulfillment of its examination duties.  Accordingly, this language is defective.  The Board can cure this defect by deleting the defective language.  The ALJ believes that unforeseen circumstances will be adequately covered by the reasonable cause language proposed by the Board in this rule part.  This modification is needed and reasonable, and would not render the proposed rules substantially different.

 

Other Technical Concerns

 

          The Administrative Law Judge recommends the following technical corrections to the rules. The technical corrections are not defects in the rules, but are recommendations for corrections to the rules that the Board may adopt if it chooses to do so to aid in the administration of the rule.  Each of the changes recommended below is needed and reasonable and would not be a substantial change from the rules as proposed.

 

Part 1800.0110

 

The ALJ recommends that the Board make the following clarifying change at line 2.8 of the Revisor’s draft dated August 25, 2010:  “. . . or the attorney general on behalf of the board.” 

 

Part 1800.0130, subpart 3

 

Part 1800.0130 deals with examination irregularities and cheating.  Subpart 2 describes specific conduct that constitutes cheating.   The Board proposes the following language regarding nonlimitation of authority at Subpart 3: “This part does not limit the authority of the board from taking action against an applicant, examinee, licensee, or certificate holder under the provision of any other law or rule.”

 

As justification for Subpart 3, the Board’s Statement of Need and Reasonableness (SONAR) states that “[i]ndividuals who cheat are always coming up with new ways to accomplish their goal and the invention of new technology makes it easier and easier.  It is difficult to define every possible way that an individual may cheat when new methods are constantly being developed.”

 

The ALJ notes that the language, as written, does not seem to accurately reflect the intent of the Board stated in the SONAR.  Accordingly, the ALJ recommends that the Board amend the proposed language in the following, or substantially similar, manner:  “This part does not limit the authority of the board from taking action against an applicant, examinee, licensee, or certificate holder under the provision of any other law or rule for conduct not specifically described in this part.”

 

 

 

                                                            M. J. C.

 

           



[1]  Minn. R. 1400.2100 (2009).

[2]  In order to be constitutional, a rule must be sufficiently specific to provide fair warning of the type of conduct to which the rule applies.  See, Cullen v. Kentucky, 407 U.S. 104, 110 (1972); Thompson v. City of Minneapolis, 300 N. W.2d 763, 768 (Minn. 1980). 

[3] See, Cullen v. Kentucky, 407 U.S. 104, 110 (1972); Thompson v. City of Minneapolis, 300 N. W.2d 763, 768 (Minn. 1980).